That piece from the book is a quote from the famous play of Guan Hanqing, named"Dou E's Injustice".
文中的那段话引自关汉卿的名剧《窦娥冤》。

Dou Wu, being the relatives of Emperor Ling on the side of his wife, became the backer of the political power.
窦武则以外戚的身份成为政治权力的靠山

The socalled south Dou notes to alive, the Big Dipper notes die, Dou night and Ji linger overnight contact very airtight.
所谓南斗注生，北斗注死，斗宿和箕宿间联系甚密。

The exclusive right of the Empress Dowager Dou he was very angry, and determined to get rid of this curse for the country.
对窦太后的专权他十分气愤，决心为国除掉这一祸根。

Because of the establishment of Hong Dou Door subject of study, the contents and standard of examination replaced Confucianism.
由于鸿都门学的设立, 考试内容以尺牍代替了经学。